{"id":282,"date":"2023-08-02T06:37:37","date_gmt":"2023-08-02T12:37:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/santateresahoy.com\/?p=282"},"modified":"2023-08-02T06:37:37","modified_gmt":"2023-08-02T12:37:37","slug":"el-calentamiento-global-y-las-transformaciones-en-zonas-costeras-de-costa-rica-sin-conocimiento-de-causa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/santateresahoy.com\/en\/2023\/08\/02\/el-calentamiento-global-y-las-transformaciones-en-zonas-costeras-de-costa-rica-sin-conocimiento-de-causa\/","title":{"rendered":"El Calentamiento Global y las transformaciones en zonas costeras de Costa Rica sin conocimiento de causa"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-English below&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u00bfSe puede usted imaginar morir de HIPERTERMIA? Una condici\u00f3n en que nuestros procesos fisiol\u00f3gicos colapsan por la sencilla raz\u00f3n de que, ante las elevadas temperaturas generadas por el cambio clim\u00e1tico, nuestro cuerpo no puede disipar el calor que genera nuestro metabolismo. Esto no es un cap\u00edtulo de ciencia ficci\u00f3n, es lo que los cient\u00edficos est\u00e1n llamando la era del punto de ebullici\u00f3n, situaci\u00f3n que se est\u00e1 presentando ya en muchas regiones del orbe donde se han mantenido por m\u00e1s de tres semanas temperaturas cercanas a los 40 grados Celsius, con picos de 47 grados Celsius. Esto ha provocado la muerte de miles de personas por un golpe de calor, especialmente enfermos y adultos mayores, debido a la p\u00e9rdida de la regulaci\u00f3n clim\u00e1tica que nos permit\u00eda vivir el d\u00eda a d\u00eda sin preocuparnos del clima.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:35%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Un balance que est\u00e1 en riesgo por la emisi\u00f3n masiva de gases de efecto invernadero a la atm\u00f3sfera. Los mares y oc\u00e9anos son particularmente sensibles a cambios de temperatura, y hay ecosistemas completos, como los arrecifes de coral, que est\u00e1n en riesgo de desaparecer por el impacto clim\u00e1tico, como ya lo estamos viviendo en Costa Rica en algunas regiones.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Si la temperatura del planeta sigue aumentando al ritmo en que lo est\u00e1 haciendo, los fen\u00f3menos meteorol\u00f3gicos como huracanes, tornados, sequ\u00edas extremas e incendios forestales seguir\u00e1n intensific\u00e1ndose. Con el aumento de temperatura perderemos cada vez m\u00e1s biodiversidad, los oc\u00e9anos incrementar\u00e1n su nivel de acidez \u2014lo cual impedir\u00e1 las condiciones viables para la vida marina\u2014 y los suelos ser\u00e1n menos f\u00e9rtiles con un consecuente impacto en la producci\u00f3n de alimentos. Esto nos podr\u00eda derivar conflictos sociales sumamente fuertes.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Los incumplimientos de los pa\u00edses a los m\u00faltiples acuerdos internacionales ponen en peligro de aumentar la temperatura en la tierra a m\u00e1s de 1.5 grados Celsius a 2 grados Celsius, lo que permite ver las predicciones de los cuerpos cient\u00edficos que han venido advirtiendo del caso. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:75%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"287\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/santateresahoy.com\/en\/2023\/08\/02\/el-calentamiento-global-y-las-transformaciones-en-zonas-costeras-de-costa-rica-sin-conocimiento-de-causa\/fig-1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/santateresahoy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/fig-1.jpeg?fit=780%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"780,1024\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"fig-1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/santateresahoy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/fig-1.jpeg?fit=780%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/santateresahoy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/fig-1.jpeg?resize=475%2C624&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-287\" style=\"width:475px;height:624px\" width=\"475\" height=\"624\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">El Acuerdo de Par\u00eds es un instrumento jur\u00eddicamente vinculante \u2014es decir, se puede hacer cumplir a los pa\u00edses a trav\u00e9s de la aplicaci\u00f3n de leyes internacionales\u2014, y su objetivo es mantener el aumento de la temperatura del planeta por debajo de 1.5 grados Celsius y as\u00ed reducir, significativamente, los riesgos y efectos negativos del cambio clim\u00e1tico. Al firmar este acuerdo nuestro pa\u00eds se comprometi\u00f3 al igual que 196 pa\u00edses m\u00e1s a contar con un plan de mitigaci\u00f3n y adaptaci\u00f3n al cambio clim\u00e1tico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">No obstante, los desaf\u00edos son de tal urgencia y magnitud que las acciones que se realicen deben ser inmediatas, contundentes y de gran escala. Los pa\u00edses firmantes deben generar y aportar informaci\u00f3n sobre el cumplimiento y avance de sus compromisos. Es un amplio ejercicio de transparencia a nivel global para promover la integridad ambiental, la transparencia, la exactitud y la coherencia en su <strong>Contribuci\u00f3n Nacionalmente Determinada<\/strong> (NDC). Las NDC obligan a los pa\u00edses a desarrollarse de manera sostenible y planificada, como logramos contribuir a disminuir las emisiones de <strong>Gases de Efecto de Invernadero <\/strong>(GEI). El Gobierno Central debe divulgar sus pol\u00edticas para hacer cumplir las NDC a nivel de sus gobiernos locales los cuales deben planificar el manejo y ordenamiento de sus territorios, sin poner en riesgo la convivencia comunal. Las NDC son un instrumento de pol\u00edtica clim\u00e1tica que debe incluir a la naturaleza como parte fundamental de la soluci\u00f3n.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Las Soluciones Clim\u00e1ticas basadas en la Naturaleza<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El Art\u00edculo 5 del Acuerdo de Par\u00eds hace \u00e9nfasis en la importancia que los bosques y otros ecosistemas naturales tienen para alcanzar los objetivos mundiales sobre el clima<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 pasa cuando derribamos nuestros bosques? El carbono absorbido se libera de nuevo a la atm\u00f3sfera, lo cual contribuye al calentamiento del planeta y a desencadenar un ciclo de impactos negativos, pero ahora intensificados.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">La p\u00e9rdida de cobertura arb\u00f3rea es uno de los problemas m\u00e1s grandes que enfrenta nuestro planeta. En 2020 se perdieron m\u00e1s de 4.2 millones de hect\u00e1reas de bosques tropicales primarios \u2014el ecosistema con mayor diversidad biol\u00f3gica del mundo\u2014 lo que liber\u00f3 2,640 millones de toneladas de carbono, una cantidad equivalente a las emisiones anuales de 570 millones de autom\u00f3viles.&nbsp;Adem\u00e1s de la liberaci\u00f3n de carbono,&nbsp;tambi\u00e9n desaparecen incontables poblaciones de flora y fauna e invaluables servicios ecosist\u00e9micos, como agua limpia, polinizaci\u00f3n, aire, regulaci\u00f3n del clima y prevenci\u00f3n de enfermedades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Los bosques son esenciales para mantener la vida en el planeta. No hay duda al respecto. Los pa\u00edses firmantes del Acuerdo de Par\u00eds deben enfocar sus esfuerzos para definir acciones concretas que se incluyan en sus NDC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00f3mo nuestros gobiernos locales deber\u00edan planificar sus NDC<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Definir metas y objetivos espec\u00edficos para los bosques, de manera que las actividades en esos territorios se regulen y se mitiguen los riesgos sociales y ambientales generados por la tala ilegal o sin planificaci\u00f3n.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Contar con metodolog\u00edas y sistemas de monitoreo que permitan identificar el nivel de protecci\u00f3n de los bosques y las emisiones evitadas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Contar con una estrategia REDD+ (Reducci\u00f3n de las Emisiones Derivadas de la Deforestaci\u00f3n y la Degradaci\u00f3n de los Bosques) que pueda formar parte, de manera expl\u00edcita, de su NDC.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Lo anterior debe ocurrir en el m\u00e1s alto nivel de gobierno, en ese en el que se construye la pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica y, en este caso, clim\u00e1tica. Sin embargo, a nivel individual es fundamental tomar conciencia del hecho de que nuestros patrones de consumo de bienes y servicios impulsan fuertes cambios en la vegetaci\u00f3n natural. Esto genera un impacto creciente del cambio clim\u00e1tico en bosques, selvas, charrales, pastizales, etc. y se expresa en sequ\u00edas m\u00e1s prolongadas, temperaturas m\u00e1s extremas y tormentas m\u00e1s intensas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>D\u00f3nde est\u00e1n los reservorios de carbono en nuestras comunidades y su importancia en el ecosistema<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Todos los ecosistemas son reservorios naturales de carbono. Inventariarlos y tomarlos en cuenta en los procesos de planificaci\u00f3n urbana es tarea de nuestras instituciones p\u00fablicas y en especial de los gobiernos locales a la hora de tomar decisiones en la regulaci\u00f3n territorial. Esos recursos son:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1<\/strong>&#8211;\u00a0 Los humedales (no son la excepci\u00f3n):\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A<\/strong>&#8211; <strong>Los suelos y ra\u00edces de los manglares&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>B-&nbsp; pastos marinos&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C- marismas<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Estos tres tipos de humedales costeros, com\u00fanmente conocidos como<strong> ecosistemas de carbono azul<\/strong>, proporcionan un espectro \u00fanico y muy completo de beneficios de mitigaci\u00f3n, adaptaci\u00f3n y resiliencia para ciertas comunidades alrededor del mundo. En zonas costeras <strong>son la primera barrera de protecci\u00f3n contra huracanes, tormentas severas, oleaje y fuertes vientos<\/strong>. Adem\u00e1s, brindan oportunidades de desarrollo econ\u00f3mico para las comunidades que se dedican a la pesca y la acuicultura. Sin embargo, por sus caracter\u00edsticas y peculiaridades son ecosistemas muy expuestos a ser afectados profundamente por desarrollos inmobiliarios costeros.<strong> Por ello, es fundamental que las acciones de protecci\u00f3n, restauraci\u00f3n y mantenimiento de todos los sistemas costeros y marinos sean prioridad en las pol\u00edticas clim\u00e1ticas de los pa\u00edses y sus regiones.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2-<\/strong> Los territorios en los que se realiza la agricultura y la ganader\u00eda proveen servicios ecosist\u00e9micos importantes y, bien manejados, pueden mantener la biodiversidad all\u00ed presente. Adem\u00e1s, son h\u00e1bitat de polinizadores, espacios para la captaci\u00f3n y aprovisionamiento de agua y, si se manejan adecuadamente, promotores de la fertilidad del suelo. Estos servicios no solo se dan en los territorios agr\u00edcolas, sino tambi\u00e9n en operaciones ganaderas extensivas y en zonas forestales protegidas dentro o alrededor del paisaje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">No obstante, estos territorios de producci\u00f3n de alimentos tambi\u00e9n conllevan el riesgo de que extiendan la frontera agr\u00edcola cada vez m\u00e1s y se elimine la vegetaci\u00f3n natural. Por lo que debemos idear estrategias que incluyan buenas pr\u00e1cticas agr\u00edcolas y ganaderas, como la restauraci\u00f3n de tierras degradadas, la agricultura de conservaci\u00f3n, la \u201cagrosilvicultura\u201d y los sistemas \u201csilvopastoriles\u201d en extensas \u00e1reas silvestres. Y tambi\u00e9n debemos contar con sistemas robustos de monitoreo con los que se puedan evaluar las emisiones generadas, las emisiones mitigadas y todas aquellas acciones que abonen a la lucha contra el cambio clim\u00e1tico. Aunque esto pareciera imposible para los gobiernos locales (Municipalidades) deber\u00eda ser una regla establecida por el Instituto de Fomento Municipal (IFAM), condicionado a la distribuci\u00f3n y gasto de sus presupuestos municipales. Darle cuentas clim\u00e1ticas a la comunidad es lo mismo que darle cuentas econ\u00f3micas, ya que el estado de recursos naturales deben ser parte de las cuentas nacionales, de acuerdo a lo establecido en los <strong>NDC <\/strong>como parte del acuerdo de Par\u00eds.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Cumplir con nuestros compromisos clim\u00e1ticos a trav\u00e9s de reducciones significativas de emisiones de gases de efecto de invernadero, de acuerdo con el compromiso cuantificado en las NDC es el \u00fanico camino para descarbonizar nuestra econom\u00eda y estilo de vida y sumarnos a muchos otros pa\u00edses que avanzan con determinaci\u00f3n hacia nuevos modelos de generaci\u00f3n de energ\u00eda y desarrollo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00f3mo visualizamos el futuro de nuestras comunidades si atendemos con responsabilidad el manejo de nuestros recursos:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Entender nuestra participaci\u00f3n y responsabilidad ciudadana en el manejo de nuestros recursos naturales es parte de un proceso de concientizaci\u00f3n y educaci\u00f3n que nos permitir\u00e1 disminuir la brecha de esa ventana de 10 a\u00f1os ante una amenaza clara, y palpable como el cambio clim\u00e1tico. Todo sistema de vida est\u00e1 interconectado y una decisi\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica, pol\u00edtica, social o ambiental repercute, de manera directa e ineludible, en cada parte del sistema de una u otra manera.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Asumir este compromiso en mantener el aumento de la temperatura por debajo de 1.5\u00ba Celsius a nivel global, es una responsabilidad local, ya que la mayor\u00eda de los pa\u00edses generan s\u00f3lo pol\u00edticas generales y no locales como parte del compromiso de los acuerdos antes citados.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Debemos hacer los esfuerzos necesarios para generar la debida planificaci\u00f3n urbana y un verdadero ordenamiento territorial que nos brinde la mayor calidad de vida sin afectar los recursos naturales.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Si logramos inventariar los recursos naturales con que contamos y las emisiones que generamos a nivel de distrito, cant\u00f3n o provincia se podr\u00eda generar una distribuci\u00f3n de los presupuestos basado en acciones clim\u00e1ticas acorde a la disponibilidad de los recursos naturales, protecci\u00f3n de los ecosistemas acorde con su situaci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica, generando una equidad ambiental acorde con su manejo. Promover una educaci\u00f3n acorde con la mitigaci\u00f3n y disminuci\u00f3n del riesgo clim\u00e1tico, bajo diferentes programas comunales para mejorar el aprovechamiento de sus recursos y su restauraci\u00f3n.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">El desarrollo econ\u00f3mico se debe pensar desde una visi\u00f3n integral. Desde la naturaleza, y por y para la gente. En la medida en que entendamos el papel que jugamos como humanos en la cadena de la vida, sabremos tomar mejores decisiones. El v\u00ednculo con nuestro entorno se debe establecer bajo un marco de respeto y equilibrio; s\u00f3lo as\u00ed prevalecer\u00e1n las condiciones que hacen posible la vida en nuestro planeta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>NOTA:&nbsp; M\u00e9xico y sus compromisos clim\u00e1ticos internacionales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Texto original de Mariana D\u00edaz \u00c1vila y Lorenzo Rosenzweig del 27 de julio de 2023 adaptado por Don Ronald S\u00e1nchez Porras para Santa Teresa Hoy.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Don Ronald S\u00e1nchez fue director de la Maestr\u00eda de Desarrollo Sostenible en la Universidad de Costa Rica adem\u00e1s de Director del Parque Nacional Santa Rosa y l\u00edder en diversos proyectos relacionados con primates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Global Warming and transformations in coastal zones of Costa Rica<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Can you imagine dying of HYPERTHERMIA? A condition in which our physiological processes collapse for the simple reason that, given the high temperatures generated by climate change, our body cannot dissipate the heat generated by our metabolism. This is not a science fiction chapter, it is what scientists are calling the era of the boiling point, a situation that is already occurring in many regions of the world where temperatures close to 40 degrees Celsius have been maintained for more than three weeks, with peaks of 47 degrees Celsius. This has caused the death of thousands of people from heat stroke, especially the sick and the elderly, due to the loss of climate regulation that allowed us to live day to day without worrying about the weather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">A balance that is at risk due to the massive emission of greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere. The seas and oceans are particularly sensitive to changes in temperature, and there are entire ecosystems, such as coral reefs, that are at risk of disappearing due to climate impact, as we are already experiencing in Costa Rica in some regions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">If the planet&#8217;s temperature continues to rise at the rate it is, weather events such as hurricanes, tornadoes, extreme droughts and wildfires will continue to intensify. With the increase in temperature we will lose more and more biodiversity, the oceans will increase their level of acidity \u2014which will prevent viable conditions for marine life\u2014 and the soils will be less fertile with a consequent impact on food production. This could lead to extremely strong social conflicts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">The non-compliance of the countries to the multiple international agreements puts in danger of increasing the temperature on earth to more than 1.5 degrees Celsius to 2 degrees Celsius, which allows us to see the predictions of the scientific bodies that have been warning of the case. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:70%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"286\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/santateresahoy.com\/en\/2023\/08\/02\/el-calentamiento-global-y-las-transformaciones-en-zonas-costeras-de-costa-rica-sin-conocimiento-de-causa\/aim-high-go-fast-infographic-bella-edit-724x1024-1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/santateresahoy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/aim-high-go-fast-infographic-bella-edit-724x1024-1.jpeg?fit=724%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"724,1024\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"aim-high-go-fast-infographic-bella-edit-724&amp;#215;1024-1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/santateresahoy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/aim-high-go-fast-infographic-bella-edit-724x1024-1.jpeg?fit=724%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/santateresahoy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/aim-high-go-fast-infographic-bella-edit-724x1024-1.jpeg?resize=506%2C716&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-286\" style=\"width:506px;height:716px\" width=\"506\" height=\"716\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">The Paris Agreement is a legally binding instrument \u2014that is, it can be enforced by countries through the application of international laws\u2014, and its objective is to keep the increase in the planet&#8217;s temperature below 1.5 degrees Celsius and thus significantly reduce the risks and negative effects of climate change. By signing this agreement, our country committed itself, like 196 other countries, to have a climate change mitigation and adaptation plan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">However, the challenges are of such urgency and magnitude that the actions that are carried out must be immediate, forceful and on a large scale. The signatory countries must generate and provide information on the fulfillment and progress of their commitments. It is a broad global transparency exercise to promote environmental integrity, transparency, accuracy and consistency in its <strong>Nationally Determined Contributions<\/strong> (NDC). The NDCs oblige countries to develop in a sustainable and planned way and contribute to reducing carbon emissions and <strong>Greenhouse Gasses <\/strong>(GHG). The Central Government must disclose its policies to enforce the NDC at the level of its local governments, which must plan the management and ordering of their territories, without jeopardizing communal coexistence. The NDCs are a climate policy instrument that must include nature as a fundamental part of the solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Nature-Based Climate Solutions<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Article 5 of the Paris Agreement emphasizes the importance of forests and other natural ecosystems in achieving global climate goals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">What happens when we cut down our forests? The absorbed carbon is released back into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming and triggering a cycle of negative and now intensifying impacts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Tree cover loss is one of the biggest problems facing our planet. In 2020, more than 4.2 million hectares of primary tropical forests\u2014the most biologically diverse ecosystem in the world\u2014were lost, releasing 2.64 billion tons of carbon, an amount equivalent to the annual emissions of 570 million cars. In addition to the release of carbon, countless populations of flora and fauna and invaluable ecosystem services such as clean water, pollination, air, climate regulation and disease prevention are also disappearing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Forests are essential to sustain life on the planet. No doubt about it. The signatory countries of the Paris Agreement must focus their efforts to define concrete actions that are included in their NDCs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>How our local governments should plan their NDCs:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Define specific goals and objectives for forests, so that activities in those territories are regulated and the social and environmental risks generated by illegal or unplanned logging are mitigated.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Have methodologies and monitoring systems that allow identifying the level of protection of forests and the emissions avoided.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Have a REDD+ strategy (Reducing Emissions Derived from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) that can be an explicit part of its NDC.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">This must occur at the highest level of government, where public policies are built and, in this case, climate. However, at the individual level it is essential to become aware of the fact that our consumption patterns of goods and services drive strong changes in natural vegetation. This generates a growing impact of climate change on forests, jungles, bushes, grasslands, etc. and is expressed in longer droughts, more extreme temperatures and more intense storms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Where are the carbon reservoirs in our communities and their importance in the ecosystem?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">All ecosystems are natural carbon reservoirs. Inventorying them and taking them into account in urban planning processes is the task of our public institutions and especially local governments when making decisions on territorial regulation. Some of those resources are:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1.<\/strong> Wetlands with no exception:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A<\/strong>&#8211; <strong>Mangrove soils and roots<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>B- Seagrass<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C- Marshes<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">These three types of coastal wetlands, commonly known as<strong> blue carbon ecosystems<\/strong>, provide a unique and comprehensive spectrum of mitigation, adaptation and resilience benefits for certain communities around the world. In coastal areas they are<strong> the first protection barrier against hurricanes, severe storms, waves and strong winds<\/strong>. In addition, they provide economic development opportunities for communities engaged in fishing and aquaculture. However, due to their characteristics and peculiarities, they are ecosystems that are highly exposed to being profoundly affected by coastal real estate developments.<strong> For this reason, it is essential that actions for the protection, restoration and maintenance of all coastal and marine systems are a priority in the climate policies of the countries and their regions.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.<\/strong> The territories in which <strong>agriculture and livestock<\/strong> are carried out provide important ecosystem services and, well managed, can maintain the biodiversity present there. In addition, they are habitat for pollinators, spaces for the collection and supply of water and, if managed properly, promoters of soil fertility. These services occur not only in agricultural territories, but also in extensive cattle operations and in protected forest areas within or around the landscape.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">However, these food production territories also carry the risk of extending the agricultural frontier more and more and removing natural vegetation. So we must devise strategies that include good agricultural and livestock practices, such as restoration of degraded lands, conservation agriculture, \u00abagroforestry\u00bb and \u00absilvopastoral\u00bb systems in extensive wilderness areas. And we must also have robust monitoring systems with which to evaluate the emissions generated, the mitigated emissions and all those actions that contribute to the fight against climate change. Although this seems impossible for local governments (Municipalities) it should be a rule established by the Municipal Development Institute (IFAM), conditioned on the distribution and spending of their municipal budgets. Reporting back climate accounts to the community is the same as reporting economic accounts, since the state of natural resources must be part of the national accounts, according to what is established in the <strong>NDC <\/strong>as part of the Paris agreement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Meeting our climate commitments through significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, in accordance with the commitment quantified in the NDCs, is the only way to decarbonize our economy and lifestyle and join many other countries that are moving forward with determination towards new models of energy generation and development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> <strong>How do we visualize the future of our communities if we responsibly manage our resources?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Understanding our citizen participation and responsibility in the management of our natural resources is part of a process of awareness and education that will allow us to reduce the gap of that 10-year window in the face of a clear and palpable threat such as climate change. Every life system is interconnected and an economic, political, social or environmental decision has a direct and unavoidable impact on each part of the system in one way or another.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Assuming this commitment to keep the temperature increase below 1.5\u00ba Celsius globally is a local responsibility, since most countries generate only general policies and not local ones as part of the commitment of the aforementioned agreements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We must make the necessary efforts to generate proper urban planning and a true territorial ordering that offers us the best quality of life without affecting natural resources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">If we manage to inventory the natural resources that we have and the emissions that we generate at district, canton or province level, a distribution of budgets based on climate actions could be generated according to the availability of natural resources and protection of ecosystems according to their geographical location, generating environmental equity in accordance with its management. Promote an education in accordance with the mitigation and reduction of climate risk, under different community programs to improve the use of their resources and their restoration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Economic development must be thought of from an integral vision. From nature and for the people. To the extent that we understand the role we play as humans in the chain of life, we will know how to make better decisions. The link with our environment must be established under a framework of respect and balance; Only then will the conditions that make life possible on our planet prevail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>NOTE: Mexico and its International Climate Commitments<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Original text by Mariana D\u00edaz \u00c1vila and Lorenzo Rosenzweig on July 27, 2023, adapted by Don Ronald S\u00e1nchez Porras for Santa Teresa Hoy.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mr. Ronald S\u00e1nchez was director of the Master&#8217;s Degree in Sustainable Development at the University of Costa Rica, as well as Director of the Santa Rosa National Park and leader in various projects related to primates.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-English below&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;- \u00bfSe puede usted imaginar morir de HIPERTERMIA? Una condici\u00f3n en que nuestros procesos fisiol\u00f3gicos colapsan por la sencilla raz\u00f3n de que, ante las elevadas temperaturas generadas por el cambio clim\u00e1tico, nuestro cuerpo no puede disipar el calor que genera nuestro metabolismo. Esto no es un cap\u00edtulo de ciencia ficci\u00f3n, es lo que los &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/santateresahoy.com\/en\/2023\/08\/02\/el-calentamiento-global-y-las-transformaciones-en-zonas-costeras-de-costa-rica-sin-conocimiento-de-causa\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">El Calentamiento Global y las transformaciones en zonas costeras de Costa Rica sin conocimiento de causa<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":235223963,"featured_media":296,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_seo_schema_type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"{title}\n\n{excerpt}\n\n{url}","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[3286],"tags":[768136411,442813,9710,184,18880],"class_list":["post-282","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ambiente","tag-ambiente","tag-cambio-climatico","tag-costa-rica","tag-environment","tag-global-warming"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/peOIQI-4y","jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/santateresahoy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/captura-de-pantalla-2023-08-02-a-las-14.36.33.png?fit=450%2C170&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/santateresahoy.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/282","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/santateresahoy.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/santateresahoy.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/santateresahoy.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/235223963"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/santateresahoy.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=282"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/santateresahoy.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/282\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":297,"href":"https:\/\/santateresahoy.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/282\/revisions\/297"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/santateresahoy.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/296"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/santateresahoy.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=282"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/santateresahoy.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=282"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/santateresahoy.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=282"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}